英语句子基本结构类型及例句_英语基本的句子结构
1.英语中简单句有哪些基本类型和句子成分?
2.英语句子的类型
3.英语中的句子成分详解!
4.英语各种类型句子的结构(小学-初中)
5.英语句子结构分析.
6.英语句子四种基本类型
句子的基本结构
一、句子的基本成分
句子的基本成分有以下几种:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语。
1、主语:句子的主体,全句述说的对象。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当,位于句首。
The boy needs a pen.
Smoking is bad for you.
2、谓语:说明主语的动作或状态。由动词或系动词加表语担任,常置于主语后。
The train lees at 6 o’clock.
She is reading.
3、宾语:表示动作的对象。一般由名词或代词担当,常置于谓语后。
He won the game.
He likes playing computer.
4、表语:用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。一般由名词或形容词担任,置于系动词之后。
He is a student.
We are tired.
注意:除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,
1)表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, ear, seem 等。
2)表转变变化的动词: become, get, grow, turn, go等。
3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。
5、定语:对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。
The black bike is mine.(形容词)
The boy in blue is Jim.(介词短语)
I he nothing to do today.(动词不定式)
注意:1、当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something 等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如: I tell him something interesting.
2、不定式、短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。例如:
The boys who are in the room are playing games.
6、状语:用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置灵活。
1、修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;
I am very sorry.
2、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首。
In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.
They are writing English in the classroom.
3、一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。
We often help him.
He is always late for class.
7、补语:补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。
He made me sad.(形容词)
She asks me to take an umbrella.(不定式)
The war made him a soldier.(名词)
I find him at home.(介词短语)
I saw a cat running along the wall.(分词)
8、同位语:同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。
Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.
I myself will do the experiment.
She is the oldest among them six.
二、句子的基本分类
1、按使用目的,句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1)陈述句:说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。例如:
Light trels faster than sound. 光比声传播速度快。(说明事实)
The film is rather boring. 这部**很乏味。(说明看法)
2)疑问句:提出问题。有以下四种:
a. 一般疑问句:
Can you finish the work in time?
b. 特殊疑问句:
Where do you live?
c. 选择疑问句:
Do you want tea or coffee?
d. 反意疑问句:
He doesn't know her, does he?
3)祈使句:提出请求,建议或发出命令。例如:
Don't be nervous!
4)感叹句:表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。例如:
What good news it is!
2、按其结构,句子可以分为以下三类:
1)简单句:只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句。例如:
She is fond of collecting stamps.
2)并列句:包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。例如:
The food was good, but he had little etite.
3)复合句:包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导。例如:
The film had begun when we got to the cinema.
三、句子的基本结构
1、简单句
1. Things changed.
2. Trees are green.
3. We don’t like children.
4. He ge his sister a piano.
5. I found the book interesting.
2、并列句
This is me and these are my friends.
They must stay in water, or they will die.
It’s not cheap, but it is very good.
It was late, so I went to bed.
四、句子的扩写
1. The children played.
Lots of lovely children from China played hily in the park this morning.
2. The boy lent me a book.
The kind boy in blue coat lent me a very interesting book several days ago, and I love it so much.
句子的基本结构综合训练
一、指出下列划线部分的基本成分。
1. Our school is not far from my home.
2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you
3. All of us considered him honest.
4. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
5. Her job is to look after the babies.
6. We need a place twice larger than this one.
7. He goes to school by bike.
8. The man over there is my old friend.
9. What he needs is a book.
10. I must lee right now.
二、指出下列句子属于哪种基本句子结构。
1. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
2. He broke a piece of glass.
3. He asked us to sing an English song.
4. We will make our school more beautiful.
5. Trees turns green in spring.
6. He came finally last night.
7. Her voice sounds sweet.
8. The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.
9. Mary handed her homework to the teacher.
10. He made it clear that he would lee the city.
三、写出下列句子。
1、她学习很努力。
2、我昨天早上遇见了Lily。
3、五年前我住在北京。
4、你必须在两周以内看完这些书。
5、布朗夫人看起来很健康。
6、这个主意听起来很有趣。
7、我爸爸上个月给我买了一辆崭新的自行车。
8、他的父母给他取名为John。
9、这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。
10、我认为他聪明又有趣。
四、扩展下列句子。
1. I went to school.
2. I got a book.
3. He left.
英语中简单句有哪些基本类型和句子成分?
句子的分类:由句子结构来讲,可分为三类简单
一、简单句:由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。
We cleaned the windows and tidied the room.
二、并列句:由并列连词and, but,so,or,for等把两个或两个以上的简单句连起来的句子。
1)I come from China and he comes from Japan.
2)Hurry up,or you'll miss the train.
3)He looked for it everywhere, but he couldn't find it.
4)She didn't know the answer to the question,so she asked the teacher.
5)He's interested in music while John is interested in sports.
三、复合句
宾语从句:宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导宾语从句的关联词有that, if/whether, what, who, whose, which, why, when, where, how等。
句子的用途分为四种:
四、陈述句
(declarative sentence):用来说明事实的句子。
China is the largest country in Asia. 中国是亚洲最大的国家。
I didn't tell him anything. 我什么也没有告诉他。
五、疑问句
( Question) , 即用来提出问题等的句子,不同的疑问句用不同的语调。
Are you a doctor or a teacher? 你是医生还是教师?
Which would you like, tea or coffee? 你想要哪样,是茶还是咖啡?
Is he sleeping, reading, or watching TV? 他是在睡觉,还是在看书,还是在看电视?
六、祈使句?
通常以动词原形开头。
Take this seat.
Be careful.
否定结构: Don't move.
Don't be late.
七、感叹句 ?
有多种表现形式,有时一个单词、短语或一个词组也可成为感叹句。
What a clever boy he is!
(他是个)多么聪明的男孩啊!
What an interesting story it is!
(这是个)多么有趣的故事啊!
英语句子的类型
1、She is friendly .主系表结构,She 是主语, is 是系动词, friendly是表语2、不是基本类型3、Tom doesn't know the pop star主谓宾结构,Tom是主语, doesn't know 是谓语动词,the pop star是宾语4、My mother stays at home .主系表结构,My mother 是主语,stays是系动词, at home 是表语5、The milk tastes good主系表结构,The milk 是主语,tastes是系动词, good表语
英语中的句子成分详解!
英语句子的类型如下:
1.简单句(Simple sentence):由一个主语和一个谓语构成的句子,表达一个完整的意思,例如:“She sings well。”(她唱歌很好。)
2.并列句(Compound sentence):由两个或多个简单句通过连接词或逗号连接而成的句子,每个简单句之间具有相对独立的意义,例如:“I like swimming, and he likes running。”(我喜欢游泳,他喜欢跑步。)
3.复合句(Complex sentence):由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子,从句可以作为主句的主语、宾语、定语、状语等,例如:“Although it was raining, we still went for a walk。”(尽管下雨了,我们还是出去散步了。)
4.复合并列句(Compound-complex sentence):由一个主句和至少两个从句以及并列词连接而成的句子,既包含并列结构又包含复合结构,例如:“I went to the store, but I forgot my wallet because I was in a hurry。”(我去了商店,但因为匆忙忘记带钱包了。)
英语各种类型句子的结构(小学-初中)
英语的句子成分主要有七类。分别是主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语。
1、主语:主语说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定时(短语)、动名词(短语)和从句均可充当主语。
例句:A light wind disturbed the surface of the water.微风使水面泛起涟漪。(名词短语作主语)
2、谓语:谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语的中心词是限定动词,有人称、数和时态的变化。
例句:I he tried this way three times.我用这种方法试了三次。
3、表语:表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语,用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。
例句:Anita is a Canadian.安妮塔是加拿大人。(名词作表语)
4、宾语:宾语有单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语等,双宾语又分为直接宾语和间接宾语。
例句:We love pace.我们热爱和平。(直接宾语)
5、同位语:对句子中某一成分作进一步解释说明。
例句:They each can get a chance to trel by air.(代词作同位语)
6、定语:定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语。
例句:It is a difficult problem.这是一个棘手的问题。(形容词作前置定语)
7、状语:状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词和句子的一种成分。
例句:Arriving there,call me up.到了之后,给我来个电话。(现在分词作状语)
扩展资料:
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分,其他处于次要部分。英语中的基本句型为主语+谓语;主语+谓语+宾语;主语+连系动词+表语;主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。
参考资料:
英语句子结构分析.
义务教育阶段英语要求掌握的句型:
英语的句子有6种基本结构。
1.主语+系动词+表语(A is B.)
[例句]
哈佛是最早接受中国留学生的美国大学之一。
Harvard is among the first American universities to accept Chinese students.
2.主语+及物动词+宾语(A does B.)
[例句]
这些传统,对今天中国人的价值观念、生活方式和中国的发展道路,具有深刻的影响。
These traditions he exerted a profound impact on the values and way of life of the Chinese people, and on China’s road of development today.
3.主语+不及物动词(A lees.)
[例句]
1847年,中国最早的一批留美学生容闳等人赴美求学。
In 1847, Chinese student Rong Hong and others came to the United States as the first group of Chinese students to study here.
4.主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物)(A gives B something.)
[例句]
昨天,我参观了国际商用机器公司、美国电话电报公司和贝尔实验室,领略了当代科技发展的前沿成就。
My visit to IBM, AT&T and the Bell laboratory yesterday ge me some first-hand knowledge of the latest successes in modern science and technology.
5.主语+及物动词+复合宾语(即宾语+宾语补足语)(A tells B to do something)
[例句]
今天,正在为实现现代化而奋斗的中国人民,把对外开放作为一项基本国策。
Today, the Chinese people who are struggling to achieve modernization he made the opening-up a basic state policy.
6.There+系动词+主语(There is a man.)
[例句]
在自由市场经济国家企业类型有多种多样。
There are many types of businesses in a free-market economy.
如果有什么问题,详情我可以给你讲解。
英语句子四种基本类型
句子的成分: 构成句子的基本成分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分为主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,同位语。它们可以由单词来担任,也可以由词组,以及句子来担任。 句子是阅读理解和听力理解的最基本的单位。
主语:是一个句子中所要表达,描述的人或物,是句子的主体。主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。
Two and two are/is four.二加二等于四。
Smoking is bad to health. =吸烟对身体有害。
The wounded has been taken to the hospital.伤员已经送到医院。
When to begin is not known yet.什么时间开始还不知道。
What I know is important.我所知道的很重要。
谓语:是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态(系表结构)。谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面。
We don't know him very well.我们不太了解他。
She speaks English fluently.她英语讲得很流利。
Betty stayed awake at night on purpose.
表语:是用来说明主语的性质, 身份, 特征和状态。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词, 形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语或者表语从句来担任。
I am all right.我没事。 It's over.时间到了。 She is ten.她十岁了。
My work is teaching English.我的工作是教英语。
The dictionary is in the bag.词典在书包里边。
My question is how you knew him.我的问题是你如何认识他的。
宾语:是谓语动作所涉及的对象, 它是动作的承受者,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任,宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后。
I saw a cat in the tree.看见树上有一只猫。I want to go shopping.
He said that he could be here. 他说他会来的。
I’m concerned about my friend’s safety.
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,即双宾语 ,其中一个宾语多指人,另一个宾语指物,指人的宾语叫做间接宾语,指物的宾语叫做直接宾语, 可以带两个宾语的动词有 offer, bring, give , show, send, pass, tell, lend, 等。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面,如果强调直接宾语可把直接宾语放在间接宾语的前面,但间接宾语前须加 " to "。
My father bought me a book.我父亲给我买了一本书。
Give the rubber to me.把橡皮给我。
有些及物动词除跟一个宾语外,还需要加上宾语补足语,否则意思不完整, 它们一起构成复合宾语,复合宾语中宾语和后面的宾语补足语有一种逻辑上的主谓关系,是判断是两个宾语还是复合宾语的依据, 宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的词担任。
We all call him Lao Wang.我们都叫他老王。
Please color it red.请给它涂上红颜色。
定语:用于描述名词,代词,短语或定语从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语, 定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组或短语,定语要放在被修饰词的后面。
That is a beautiful flower.那是一朵漂亮的花。
The TV set made in that factory is very good.
This is my book, not your book.这是我的书,不是你的书。
I he a lot of things to do.我有好多要做的事情。
Our country is a developing country.我们的国家是一个发展中的国家。
状语: 说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果、方式, 条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语可以由副词、分词、短语及状语从句来担任。
We went to the countryside last year.去年我们去了乡下。
We study hard for our country.我们为我们的国家而努力学习。
I'm late because I missed the bus.由于误了车,所以我迟到了。
一,简单句(simple sentence)
简单句只由一个独立子句构成,它至少包含一个主语和一个动词。它还可以包含宾语和修饰词。
例句:
Birds fly.
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.
二,复合句(compound sentence)
复合句由至少两个独立子句构成,中间由连接词构成,也可以由分号、冒号、破折号连接。
连接词包括:
Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity,?and?I'm not sure about the former.
三,复杂句(complex sentence)
复杂句由一个独立子句以及至少一个从属子句构成,它们之间由连词连接。
在复杂句中,从属子句往往是对独立子句起到一个解释说明的作用,告诉读者更多的信息。它或是表现出一种因果关系,或是表现在时间或者空间上的关系。
四,复合复杂句(compound-complex sentence)
复合复杂句由至少两个独立子句和至少一个从属子句构成,子句和子句之间用连接词相连。
例句:
(黑体部份为两个独立子句,斜体部份为从属子句。)
Kate doesn’t like cartoons?because they are loud,?so she?doesn’t watch them.
The cat jumped onto the couch?and?sat down on top of the remote control?just when I was reaching for it.
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