1.职称英语理工类考试辅导:句子成分

2.英语句子成分问题

3.做了几道英语句子成分划分和翻译练习,求指点

英语语法八种基本句型_英语句子成分划分练习

is 是be 动词,属于连系动词,后面的成分叫表语.

表语

表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当,它常位于连系动词(be, become, ear, seem等)之后。

一. 名词作表语

Africa is a big continent.

非洲是个大洲。

That remains a puzzle to me.

这对我还是个难题。

二. 代词作表语

What’s your fax number?

你的传真号是多少?

三. 形容词作表语

I feel much better today.

我今天感觉好多了。

四. 数词作表语

She was the first to learn about it.

她是第一个知道的人。

五. 不定式或ing形式作表语

Her job is selling computers.

她的工作是销售电脑。

Our next step was to get raw materials ready.

我们下一步是把原料准备好。

六. 介词短语作表语

The patient is out of danger.

病人脱险了。

I don’t feel at ease.

我感到不自在。

七. 副词作表语

The sun is up.

太阳升起来了。

I must be off now.

现在我得走了。

八. 从句作表语

This is what he said.

这就是他所说的话。

不定式作表语

作表语的不定式短语通常是说明主语的内容,这时主语通常是如下名词:

hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, business

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The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.

新技术的目的是使生活更便利,而不是更繁琐。

Her wish is to become a singer.

她的愿望是当一名歌手。

Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.

我们的就是在两星期内完成这项工作。

表语从句

在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。

What the police want to know is when you entered the room.

警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。

The trouble is that we are short of funds.

困难是我们缺乏资金。

This is what we should do.

这是我们应当做的。

That's why I want you to work there.

那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。

His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet.

他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。

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as if, as though, because也可用来引导表语从句。

She seems as if she had done a great thing.

她看起来好像做了一件大事。

It is because you eat too much.

那是因为你吃得太多了。

ing形式作表语

ing形式作表语表示泛指意义的动作,不定式作表语表示一次性的动作。

My hobby is growing flowers.

我的爱好是种花。

My fourite sport is playing tennis.

我喜爱的运动是打网球。

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比较:

What I am going to do is to play tennis this afternoon.

我今天下午要做的事是打网球。

ing形式作表语:注意事项

在句型"主 + 系 + 表"中,若主语和表语都是非谓语形式时,主语和表语要取得一致。如:主语

是ing形式表语也应是ing形式,主语是不定式时表语也应是不定式。

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Seeing is believing.

To see is to believe.

眼见为实。

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(误) Seeing is to believe.

ing形式作定语

ing形式可以作名词的前置定语,ing形式短语作后置定语。

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ing形式作前置定语

a swimming pool

a teaching method

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ing形式短语作后置定语

Do you know the man standing at the entrance?

你认识站在入口处的那个人吗?

There were a lot of people boating on the lake.

湖上有许多正在划船的人。

虚拟语气:表语从句

主语是idea, notion, proposal, suggestion, request等名词时,

作表语从句的动词为原形动词或should+原形动词。

My suggestion is that we (should) go and help him.

我的建议是我们应该去帮助他。

Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.

我们唯一的请求就是尽快解决这个问题。

职称英语理工类考试辅导:句子成分

1.We (study) in the First Middle School. 谓语

2.We he (four) lessons in the moring. 定语

3.My sister often helps (me).宾语

4.Mary's schoolbag is (on the desk).状语

5.We can see a map of China (on the right wall)状语

6.He you hot a ticket (for the film).宾语补足语

7.The sky is (blue)表语

8.The (shirt) is Tom's.主语

英语句子成分问题

D. 简单句的五种基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns):千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:

1. 主语+谓语(不及物动词) [S + V]

解读:在此句型中,谓语动词是不及物动词,其后没有宾语。有时为了表示动作发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等,可以带状语修饰动词。如:

I work. 我工作。

My head aches.我头疼。

The children are playing hily. 孩子们正在高兴地玩。

2. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 [S+V+O]

解读:该句型中的谓语动词是及物动词,其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整、准确。宾语可以由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。如:

I finished reading the book. 我读完了这本书。

The Greens enjoy living in China. 格林一家喜欢住在中国。

She studies English. 她学英语。

3. 主语+谓语+表语 [S+V+P]

解读:此句型中的谓语动词是系动词,它本身有一定含义,但不能单独作谓语,它必须和表语一起构成谓语。表语通常由名词、形容词、代词、数词、介词短语及不定式结构等充当。该句型谓语动词为连系动词。常见的系动词有:be(是); get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎) 等。如:

My books are on the desk. 我的书在书桌上。

The food seems to be nice. 这食物似乎不错。

He became a famous doctor. 他成为了一名着名的医生。

The le pie tastes really delicious. 苹果派吃起来真是好吃。

4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 [S+V+InO+DO]

解读:在该句型中,间接宾语有时也可以改成一个由to或for引起的短语,放在直接宾语之后,即构成“主语+谓语+直宾+介词+间宾”的句型。这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语,既指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,但要加介词for或to。如:

Could you pass me the salt? (= Could you pass the salt to me?) 请你把盐给我好吗?

Uncle Wang made the farmers many machines.(=Uncle Wang made many machines for the farmers. ) 王叔叔给农民们制造了很多机器。

My aunt bought me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer for me. 我阿姨买给我一台电脑。

I passed him the salt. = I passed the salt to him. 我把盐递给他。

5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 [S+V+O+OC]

解读:宾补的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。它可以由名词、形容词、副词、动词不定式和介词短语等充当。

I ask her to tell the truth.

点击一(***):使役动词make, let, he等后接不带to的不定式作宾补。如:

He made me work twelve hours a day. 他让我一天工作十二小时。

做了几道英语句子成分划分和翻译练习,求指点

句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句

一、句子成分

(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当. 例如:

During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)

We often speak English in class.(代词)

One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)

To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)

Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)

The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)

When we are going to he an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)

It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)

(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当. 有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 谓语的构成如下:

1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.

2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要. 如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.

(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。一句话语法: 表语使用形容词,不用副词! 例如:

Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)

Is it yours?(代词)

The weather has turned cold.(形容词)

The speech is exciting.(分词)

Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)

His job is to teach English.(不定式)

His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)

The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)

Time is up. The class is over.(副词)注意: 副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,所以上面说:表语使用形容词,不用副词! 我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住.

The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)

(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。一句话语法:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如:

They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)

The hey rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)

How many dictionaries do you he? I he five.(数词)

They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)

He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)

I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)

I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)

宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子: give me a book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.

(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。一句话语法: 宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词.例如:

His father named him Dongming.(名词)

They painted their boat white.(形容词)

Let the fresh air in.(副词)

You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)

We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)

We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)

We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)

(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一句话语法:定语使用形容词 定语可由以下等成分表示:

Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)

China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)

There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)

His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)

Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)

The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)

He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)

(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子(这个就叫状语,一句话语法: 状语用副词,不用形容词),说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:

Light trels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)

He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)

He is proud to he passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)

He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语)

Wait a minute.(名词)

Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)

状语种类如下:

How about meeting again at six?(时间状语)(表示时间就是时间状语,那表示原因的呢? 对喽,就是原因状语)

Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语)

I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(条件状语)

Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)

She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)

She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语)

In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语)

He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)

She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语)

I am taller than he is.(比较状语)

best teacher(宾语) of this school.(地点状语/-定语)

There are(there be 结构) altogether three books(主语) except the one about Chinese literature (介词about 的宾语)to be read(定语) next week(时间状语).

除了那本下个礼拜要被读的那本关于中国文学的外总共有三本书。

The plan(逻辑主语) hing been made(非谓语作定语),what(引导词作do的宾语) we(主语) he to do(从句谓语) now(时间状语)(以前为主语) is(主句谓语动词/系动词) to carry it out.(不定式为表语)

今天就到这!