初中英语句子结构及句型细致讲解大全_初中英语句子结构及句型细致讲解大全

1.初中英语句子成分分析

2.初中英语语法基础知识大全 初中英语语法知识详解

3.初中英语基本句型

4.初中英语句子成分例句及详解

5.英语句型结构知识点“复合句”详解

6.初中英语语法（句子结构）？

7.初中英语七种基本句型

我是教初三英语的，以下的内容经过我整理的，一定对你有用：

（一）初三英语词组汇编

Unit 1

过去常常做某事 used to do sth 习惯做某事 be used to doing sth

激光唱机 a CD player 输入 put into

全神贯注于……中 put one’s heart into 想出、提供 come up with

拾起某物 pick up sth 向某人借某物 borrow sth from sb

把某物借给某人 lend sb sth/lend sth to sb 带给某人知识 give sb knowledge

在校园内的室外 outside in the schoolyard 忘记要做某事 forget to do sth

忘记曾经做过的事 forget doing sth 第二天 the next day

上一周 last week 几天以后 several days later

迟早 sooner or later 更糟糕的是 what be worse

为……而付款 pay for… 所借的书 borrowed books

在国外 be abroad 整理床铺 make the bed

把某物归还给某人 return sth to sb 从某人处得到某物get sth from sb

顺手拿走、偷走 walk away with 鼓励某人做某事 encourage ab to do sth

Unit 2

水上运动 water sports 一天三次 three times a day

尝试 he a try / want a go 遍及全世界 all over the world

许许多多、大量 a large number of 一年到头，终年 all the year round

不管 no matter 放弃做某事 give up doing sth

放弃工作 give up one’s job 以冲浪为生 live to surf

看起来令人兴奋 look exciting 因……而著名 be famous for

在A和B之间 between A and B 例如 for example

从那时起 ever since 打零工 a part-time assistant

休息一晚 he a night off 使某人舒畅（开心）make sb fit

乐趣无穷 such great fun 动身去某地 lee for sw.

一等奖 first prize 冲浪竞赛 a surfing competition

奥林匹克运动会 Olympic Games 出差,因公 on business

时光飞逝，光阴似箭，日月如梭 (How) time flies!

迄今为止 so far 到某处旅游 trel to sw.

试着做某事 trying doing sth 尽力做某事 try to do sth

一个十二岁的男孩 a 12-year-old boy / a boy of 12 实现 come true

走进、踏入 step into 减速 slow down

又过了两个小时 another two hours 高度赞扬 speak highly of

因……感到自豪 be proud of doing sth / be proud to do sth

是…..的骄傲 be the pride of sb

Unit 3

造纸厂 a paper factory 找出、查明 find out

倾倒, 倒入 pour… into 污水、废水 waste water

害怕某事（物） be afraid of sth 害怕做某事 be afraid of doing sth

传到某人耳中 come to one’s ears 将某物投入 throw sth in

将某物投入某处 throw sth into sw. 帮助做某事 help (to) do sth

保持城市整洁 keep the city clean 保护环境 protect the environment

绿化中国 Greener China 乱丢某物 litter / throw sth about

以……为根据 base on /be based on 在公共场所吐痰 spit in a public place

为干某事而做出(巨大)贡献 make a (great) contribution to doing sth

砍伐 cut down 收垃圾的车 a truck collecting rubbish

Unit 4

尽快 as soon/quickly as possible; as soon /quickly as one can

现在 right now 乘飞机旅行 trel by plane/ air

匆匆行程 a rushed trip 火车旅途 a train ride

打的前往 take a taxi to 卧铺车箱 a sleeping car

四处走走 walk around 感到疲惫 feel tired

打牌 play cards 一直不断干某事 keep doing sth

不断老是做某事 keep on doing sth 为某人提供某物 offer sb sth

练习干某事 practise doing sth 很快睡熟了 fall fast asleep

持久 last long 持续一段时间 last for some time

旅行 go on a trip/ he a trip / be on a trip 拍照 take photos / pictures

赶快 hurry up 在某人一生中 in one’s life

留言 lee a message 冲洗, 显影 come out

Unit 5

过来、加油 come on 开家庭会议 he a family meeting

谈论 talk about 去度 go for a holiday / go on holiday

决定干某事 decide to do sth 潜水 scuba diving

在因特网上 on the Internet 上网查寻 search the Internet

双击左键 double left click 因特网图标 the Internet icon

键入网址 type in the Website 按回车键 press the enter button

花市 a flower market 驯鹿公园 a deer park

单程 one-way trip 往返双程 round trip

珊瑚礁 coral reefs 快速列车 a fast train

向前走 walk along 照直走 go straight along

请稍等 just / wait a minute

Unit 6

报警 call the police 出事故 he an accident

去冲浪 go surfing 骑马 ride a horse

拜访某人 visit sb 允许某人做某事 allow sb to do sth

使它成为可能 make it possible 水下呼吸器 the scuba machine

对……感兴趣 be interested in 摄像 make videos

制作电视节目 make a TV show 对……感到惊讶 be amazed /surprised at

保护环境 se /protect the environment 保持某物清洁 keep sth clean

清理、打扫 clean up 鼓励某人干某事 encourage sb to do sth

参加……活动 take part in sth /doing sth 长达…… as long as…

在世界上 on earth / in the world 以……为生、为主食 feed on…

在沙滩上 on the beaches 警告某人做某事 warn sb to do sth

去看望、拜访某人go to visit sb 走出 get out of

就这么定了。 That’s a deal.

Unit 7

能 be able to 持续做…… keep doing sth

让某人持续做某事 keep sb doing sth 操作、从事、致力于…… work on sth

改变世界 change the world 试验新的想法（创新）try out new ideas

在校上学 be in school 与……无/有关 he nothing / something to do with…

对……感兴趣 be interested in 在12岁时 at the age of 12

铁轨 railway tracks 冲过去 rush out

把孩子抱到安全地带carry the boy to safety 如此……以致…… so… that…

对……评价高，看重 think a lot of 考虑、关心 think of

开发 open up 关小 turn down

开大 turn up 毕业于…… graduate from…

值得做 be worth doing 保持忙碌 keep busy

把某人带回家 take sb home 生活的一个新开端 a new start in life

某人大半生 most of one’s lifetime 对某人充满信心 he confidence in sb

想要做某事 feel like doing sth / would like to do sth / want to do sth

做某事 plan to do sth

Unit 8

实现 come true 快来 come on

砍伐 cut down 挂上、张贴 put up

在……顶部 on top of / at the top of 团聚 get together

挨家挨户 from house to house 圣诞颂歌 Christmas songs

圣诞精神 the spirit of Christmas 在圣诞除夕 on Christmas Eve

在圣诞节 on Christmas Day 在床头边 at the end of the bed

圣诞老人 Father Christmas 在夜间 during the night

也 as well 好心的人 a kind-hearted man

顺着爬下来 climb down 把……装上 fill… with…

以……为根据 base on /be based on 穷人 the poor

扔下 drop down 尽管、即使 even though

不再 no longer / not any longer / no more / not any more

某人慷慨大方的精神 one’s spirit of generosity

继续活着 live on 迫不及待干某事 can’t wait to do sth

圣诞快乐 Merry Christmas 在西方国家 in western countries

春节 (the) Spring Festival 用不同的方式 in different ways

从前 once upon a time 讲述 tell of (about)

向某人讲述某事 tell sb of (about) sth 生孩子 give birth to

Unit 9

毛笔 a writing brush 由……制成 be made of (from)

被用来 be used for 保暖 keep warm

寄信 send a letter 开锁门 open and lock a door

在世界上 in the world / on earth 成群的人 groups of people

一群鸟 a group of birds 一百万或更多 one million or more

当然 of course 说得最广泛 be the most widely spoken

使用很广泛 be used very widely 作为一门外语 as a foreign language

在世界上其他许多国家 in many other countries of the world

在当今世界上, 在现代社会中 in the modern world

把……当作……用 be used as …

广泛使用于商业事务中 be widely used for business

向某人买某物 buy sth from sb 把某物卖给某人 sell sth to sb

大多数商业信件most business letters 在世界范围内 around the world

打电话 make a telephone call 数码相机 a digital camera

在另一方面 on the other hand 一套…… a set of

Unit 10

在城里 be in town 在城外 be out of town

展览、陈列 on show / on display 数百年前 hundreds of years ago

看一看 he a look 到某地参观 a visit to sw

在20世纪20年代 in the 1920s 很久以前 long ago / long before

下蛋 lay eggs 不久以后 before long

人类 humans / human beings / man 真遗憾 That’s /What a pity.

被……覆盖 be covered with 有羽毛的恐龙 a feathered dinosaur

在将来 in the future 研究恐龙 study dinosaurs

查字典 look up sth in a /the dictionary 禁止吸烟 No smoking.

禁止拍照 No photos. 禁止停车 No parking

有三只腿的杯子 a cup with three legs / a three legged cup

在旧社会 in the old days 上酒 serve wine

使茶保温 keep tea warm 被装上、填上 be filled with

一群、一组 a group of 损坏 break down

营业时间 business time 切勿倒置 This side up

Unit 11

植树节 Tree Planting Day 植树 plant trees

正好 just right 既不……也不 neither… nor…

把……插进 knock… into 务必、确保、一定 make sure

在……旁边 next to 以便 so that

把……用力踩实 push sth down hard 把……系在 tie …to

使它立直 keep it straight 在绿色的长城 on the Great Green Wall

流失、跑走 run away 冲走 wash away

阻止、防止某人做某事 stop / prevent sb (from) doing sth ; keep sb from doing sth

雨滴 rain drops 直接冲击土壤 hit the soil directly

多亏、由于 thanks to / because of 落叶 dead lees

数百万个 millions of 这一次 this time

其他许多人 many other people 在这些树苗中 among the young trees

多多益善 The more, the better 再过几年，几年以后 in a few years’ time

指向 point to 远处 far away

用这种方法 in this way 上交 hand in

或多或少、 差不多 more or less 避开，防止 keep off

Unit 12

给某人发一份电子邮件 send sb an e-mail / send an e-mail to sb

把信息输入到电脑 put information into the computer

电脑迷 a computer fan 谈论 talk about

绕……转 trel around 在太空 in space

发射 send up 一直 all the time

无人驾驶的宇宙飞船 spaceships without people

把……发射到太空 sent sth up into space

收发信息 send and receive messages

在……的帮助下 with one’s help / with the help of

在世界的另一面 on the other side of the world

向……打电话 make a telephone call to…

不同国家的人们 people from different countries

更好地相互了解 understand each other better

输入 put into 关上 shut down

拖延、延期 put off 一心想做 set one’s mind to do

到目前为止 so far / by now / up to now 编造 make up

有关……方面的知识knowledge of … 数百\几百 hundreds of

数千、成千上万 thousands of 数万、几万 tens of thousands of

数百万/ 几百万 /无数的 millions of

Unit 13

下降、放慢、减速 slow down 世界人口 the word’s population

增加了…… increase by… 增加到…… increase to…

继续 go on 一小时又一小时 hour after hour

年复一年 year after year A 乘以B A multiplied by B

越来越快 faster and faster 平方米 square meter

在……之初 at the beginning of… 以……开头/结尾 start / end with…

在二十世纪 in the twentieth century 到2010年为止 by the year 2010

只有立足之地 standing room only 发达的国家 developed countries

发展中国家 developing countries 同意某人的意见 agree with sb

价格贵 cost much 价格便宜 cost little

宁愿……也不…… prefer to do sth rather than do sth

prefer to do sth instead of doing sth

prefer doing sth to doing sth

would rather do sth than do sth

值得做 be worth doing

Unit 14

把……穿旧 wear out 精疲力竭 wear out

一双新网球鞋 a new pair of tennis shoes 试穿 try on

有点儿贵 a little / a bit expensive 深蓝色 dark blue

浅绿色 light green 参加学校旅行 on a school trip

检查 check out 做出决定 make a decision

a credit card 名胜 places of interest

放下 drop off 匆匆忙忙 in a hurry

复习、过一遍、仔细查看 go over 考虑 think about / of

一点儿也不 not a bit / not … at all 非常 not a little

京剧 Peking Opera 人民大会堂 the Great Hall of the People

故宫博物馆 the Palace Museum 也 as well

整个下午 the whole afternoon 在小船上 in a boat

听到某人在做某事 hear sb doing sth 听起来很优美 sound very beautiful

天安门广场 Tian’anmen Square 靠近 close to

叫人做某事 he sth done 颐和园 the Summer Palace

上网 get on line 网上购物 shopping / buy sth on line

永远 for ever 犯错误 make a mistake /mistakes

淋湿、弄湿 get wet 做某事感到兴奋（激动）be excited about doing sth

物美价廉offer the most at the best price 似乎、好象做…… seem to do sth

按照正确的顺序 in the right order 放下 drop off / put down

接近于……，和……联系密切 be close to…

Unit 15

兽医 an animal doctor / a doctor for animals 对某人来说 to sb

感到减少孤独感 feel less lonely 使你大笑 make you laugh

长大、成长 grow up 毕业于…… graduate from…

下定决心 make up one’s mind 上大学 go to college

继续教育 continue one’s education 找到工作 find a job

在农村 in the country 把……看作 he / regard / look on… as

起先、当初 at first 嘲笑某人 laugh at sb

病狗 a sick dog 养狗 keep dogs

在某人一生中in one’s life 无论、不管 no matter

儿童科医生 a doctor for children /a children’s doctor 好像 as if

吃药 take / he (some)medicine 睡着 be asleep

忙于做某事 be busy doing / with sth 在风暴中 in a storm

在海上 at sea 折成两段 break in two

在……的边缘 on the edge of 把……扔到 drop… to…

对某人高喊 shout to sb 跳到……里 jump into…

跳出…… jump out of… 报警 call the police

半小时后 half an hour later 至少、起码 at least

手机 a mobile phone 打针 get an injection

摇尾巴 wag one’s tail

让（使）某人做某事 let / make / he sb do sth

Unit 16

打赢某人 beat sb 一个大 a big score

在一场激动人心的比赛中 in an exciting match

在最后十分钟内in the last fif minutes输给某人 lose to sb

令人吃惊的结果 in a surprising result 到……的时候 by the time

中场球员 a mid-field player 感到有点儿紧张 feel a bit nervous

越来越自信 more and more confident 在上（下）半场 in the first /second half

首先得分 the first to score 结果 as a result

继续开展,进行下去carry on doing / with sth 写出 write out

对……满意 be pleased with 一场大型的比赛 a great match

一场乏味的比赛 a boring match 生某人的气 be angry with sb

（液体）溢出、（人群）涌出spill out 现在、此刻 at the moment

有机会 he a chance 从现在起 from now on

保持传球 keep passing the ball 受伤 get hurt

前卫 mid-field player 理所应当做某事 deserve to do sth

右上角 the top right-hand corner 做份内的事，尽职 do one’s job

期望做某事 expect to do sth

Unit 17

举手 hands up 操作电脑 work at the computer

浇花 water the flowers 求助 ask for help

谢谢你的到来 Thank you for coming 下来 come down

没有必要做某事There is no need to do sth某人需要做某事 sb needs to do sth

某事需要做Sth needs to be done / need doing 需要某人做某事 need sb to do sth

逃跑 run away 归还 give back

片 a detective film 丢失的项链 the missing necklace

Unit 18

在咖啡店 at a coffee shop 生某事的气 be angry about / at sth

对某人生气 get angry with / at sb ； be angry with sb

忙着做某事 be busy doing / with sth 忘记要做某事 forget to do sth

忘记曾做过某事 forget doing sth 火车站 a / the railway station

许多年以后 many years later 存钱,省钱 se one’s money

解决，做出 work out 交通堵塞 a big traffic jam

碰头 bang one’s head 消失在……中 disear into …

……的极顶 the summit of… 对某人心存感激 be grateful to sb.

（二）惯用法和句型

一、简单句的五类结构句型：

1、主语+不及物动词 Class begins.

2、主语+不及物动词+宾语 We like English.

3、主语+连系动词+表语 They all look fine.

4、主语+不及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 My mother ge me a present.

5、主语+不及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 The teacher asked me to practise English.

二、含有ing句型:

一）固定结构：

1. keep doing

2. keep /carry on doing

3. keep sb. Doing

4. enjoy doing (He enjoys nothing but playing the computer.)

5. finish doing

6. be afraid of doing

7. be worth doing

8. be busy doing

9. be/get/become used to doing （We are used to living in the countryside. ）

10. dislike doing (She dislikes doing housework.)

11. how about doing//what about doing

12. spend some time (in)doing

13. spend some money (in) buying

14. feel like doing

15. stop/keep/prevent … from doing

16. thank you for doing

17. thanks for doing

18. do some cooking/cleaning/reading/shopping/washing

19. go swimming/fishing/shopping/skating/boating

20. mind doing

21. prefer doing … to doing…

22. practise (practice) doing (He practices speaking English every day.)

23. can’t help doing

24. he fun/difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.

25. waste time/money doing

26. instead of doing

27. miss doing

28. look forward to doing期望（渴望）做某事 (I'm looking forward to getting your letter.)

29. thank…for doing

二）need, require, want译作“需要”时，跟动词-ing作宾语，主动表示被动，相当于to be done，如：

1．The windows require cleaning. （The windows require to be cleaned. ）

2．The patient needs operating on at once. （The patient needs to be operated on. ）

3．The flowers want watering. （The flowers want to be watered. ）

三）动词-ing在句中作表语：

Our plan is setting up a new car factory.

My job is teaching/driving.

这类词作表语，起解释说明主语的作用，主表可颠倒：Teaching is my job. 转换

初中英语句子成分分析

英语语法是初中英语学习的重点内容，而词性是初中语法中最基础的知识，但很多同学在学习的过程中，都忽视了这方面的学习，从而导致后面的语法知识越学越难。我为大家整理了2019年初中英语最基础入门的语法，欢迎阅读。

简单句的五种基本英语语法句型

1、第一种 主语+连系动词+表语 ( S+V+P)

The bike is new.

The map is on the wall.

2、第二种 主语+不及物动词 ( S+V)

He swims.

第三种 主语+及物动词+宾语 ( S+V+O)

Children often sing this song.

4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 ( S+V+IO+DO)

She showed her friends all her pictures.

5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 ( S+V+O+C)

We keep our classroom clean and tidy.

并列句

He likes maths, but he needs help.

I help him and he helps me.

英语句型结构基本概念：

英语句型结构语法与汉语相似，英语句子是由主语(subject)，谓语动词(verb)，宾语(object)，表语(predicative)，状语(adverbial)，宾语补足语(objectcomplement)等成分组成，按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。

初中英语语法过去完成时

1. 概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。

2. 时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.

3. 基本结构：had + done.

否定形式：had + not + done.

一般疑问句：had放于句首。

4. 用法

1) 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句种。

例如：She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。

2) 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时;发生在后，用一般过去时。

例如：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。

3) 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,

suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"。

例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。

注意： had hardly… when... 刚......就......。

例如：I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。

had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。

例如：He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。

初中英语语法基础知识大全 初中英语语法知识详解

掌握英语 句子 结构,才能更准确的理解英语句子的意思并正确写出,也有利于提高中学生的 英语阅读 能力和写作水平。下面是我带来的初中英语句子成分，欢迎阅读!

初中英语句子成分精选

　初中英语句子成分分析与讲解

　英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词 造句 ，逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。

　请同学们认真阅读下面的问答，我相信它一定会对同学们起到抛砖引玉的作用。

　问什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分?

　答组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。

　问各成分在句中的作用如何?分别由哪些词及 短语 充当?

　答

　1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如：

　The car is running fast.(名词)

　We are students.(代词)

　One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词)

　It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)

　Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)

　注意若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。

　2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如：

　He works in a factory.(实义动词)

　I felt cold.(系动词+表语)

　How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词)

　Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词)

　They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词)

　注意谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。

　3.宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如： He is doing his homework.(名词)

　They did nothing this morning.(代词)

　She wants to go home.(不定式)

　We enjoy playing football.(动名词)

　注意①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，lee等。如：

　He bought me a book.

　Pass me the ball，will you?(间宾+直宾)

　直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。如：

　Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾)

　Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾)

　②有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。这类动词有：want，wish， hope，promise，decide，agree， choose，care等。如：

　I hope to see you again.

　③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。这类动词有：enjoy，finish，mind，practise，miss， suggest，keep(on)等。如：

　Do you mind my opening the window?

　④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。

　a)forget to do表示?未发生的动作?，forget doing表示?已完成的动作?。如： Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)

　I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)

　b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示?停下

　原来的事，去做另一件事?，stop doing表示?停止做某事?。如：

　I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。)

　The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。)

　4.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如： What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词)

　She is a chemistry teacher.(名词)

　There are two students in the classroom.(数词)

　We he something to do tomorrow.(不定式)

　The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)

　注意定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。

　5.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。如：

　Thank you very much.(副词)

　I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)

　He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)

　We were hing breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)

　注意enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如：

　He is old enough to go to school.

　6.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become， smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如：

　They are workers.(名词)

　Two and three is five.(数词)

　The story is very interesting.(形容词)

　M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)

　She is at home.(介词短语)

　I feel terrible.(形容词)

　The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)

　7.宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，he，order，make等。?宾补?一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如：

　We elected him monitor.(名词)

　I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词)

　The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语)

　He is going to he his hair cut.(过去分词)

　They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词)

初中英语句子成分学习

　英语句子成分结构详解

　一、英语语句基本结构分析：

　(一)主谓宾结构：

　1、主语：可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy)，主格代词(如you)，数词，动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!

　eg: The boy comes from America.

　He made a speech.

　Two and two is four.

　To be a teacher is my dream.

　Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.

　2、谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没

　有宾语，形成主谓结构，

　eg:We come.

　Many changes took place in my home town.

　注(以下这些词是不及物动词：表发生、出现的，如：take place, ear, hen, break out; 表来、去，如：come, go 等)

　3、宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是?代词宾格?，如：me，him，them等。除了代词宾格可以作宾语外，名词，动名词，不定式等可以作宾语。

　eg：I will do it tomorrow.

　The boy needs a pen.

　I like swimming.

　I like to swim this afternoon.

　(二)主系表结构：

　1、主语：同?主谓宾?结构。

　2、谓语：联系动词(Link verb)：be动词(am,is,are,was,were,he been);其他联系动词如：become成为，turn变成,go变和感官动词如：feel, touch, hear, see等。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系，表语多为形容词或副词，既，不可能是宾语。

　3、表语：说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。

　(1)当联系动词不是be，而其后是名词和代词时，多表达?转变为?之意，注意与动宾关系的区别。

　eg: He became a teacher at last.

　His face turned red.

　(2)感官动词多可用作联系动词

　eg: He looks well.他面色好。

　It sounds nice.这个听起来不错。

　I feel good.我感觉好。

　The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻。

　例：Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is，表语为a boy

　(三)There be 结构：

　There be 表示?存在有?。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词?there那里?混淆。 此结构后跟名词，表示?(存在)有某事物?

　试比较：There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词?那里?。

　二、定语

　定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的?表示。 定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，(如：something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。

　(一)形容词作定语：

　The little boy needs a blue pen.小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。

　(二)数词作定语相当于形容词：

　Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。

　(三)形容词性物主代词或名词所有格作定语：

　His boy needs Tom's pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。

　There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。

　(四)介词短语作定语：

　The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。 The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。

　There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。

　(五)名词作定语：

　The boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔。

　副词作定语：

　The boy there needs a pen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。

　不定式作定语：

　The boy to write this letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。

　(六)分词(短语)作定语：

　The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。

　(七) 定语从句：

　The boy who is reading needs a pen.那个在阅读的男孩需要一支钢笔。

　三、状语

　状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等

　状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如：often)或程度(如：almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。

　有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成?男孩喊教室里的女孩?(此时in the classroom为girl的定语)，也可以理解为?男孩在教室里喊女孩(此时?in the classroom为地点状语)，最好写作?In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.'

　(一)副词(短语)作状语：

　The boy needs a pen very much.男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)

　The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother.男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置)

　The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语)

　(二)介词短语作状语：

　In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语) Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语) On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)

　(三)分词(短语)作状语：

　He sits there,asking for a pen.他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)

　Hing to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语)

　(四)不定式作状语：

　The boy needs a pen to do his homework.男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语)

　(五)名词作状语：

　Come this way!走这条路!(方向状语)

　(六)状语从句：

　时间状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，目的状语从句，比较状语从句，让步状语从句，条件状语从句

　四、直接宾语和间接宾语：

　(一)特殊的同源宾语现象: fight a fight , dream a dream , etc.

　(二)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语;一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。

　一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。

　eg:Give me a cup of tea,please.

　强调间接宾语顺序为：动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。eg:Show this house to Mr.Smith.Mr.

　五、宾语补足语

　位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。

　(一)名词/代词宾格 + 名词

　The war made him a soldier.战争使他成为一名战士.

　(二)名词/代词宾格 + 形容词

　New methods make the job easy.新 方法 使这项工作变得轻松.

　(三)名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语

　I often find him at work.我经常发现他在工作.

　(四)名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式

　The teacher ask the students to close the windows.老师让学生们关上窗户.

　(五)名词/代词宾格 + 分词

　I saw a cat running across the road.我看见一只猫跑过了马路.

　六、同位语

　同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如： We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批?学生?) We all are students. (all是we的同位语，都指同样的?我们?)

　七、独立成分

　有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分(注意：区别于分词独立结构)。

　感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。肯定词yes否定词no称呼语：称呼人的用语。插入语：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。

　如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个 故事 还远没结束.

　情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然，等。

　八、分词独立结构

　分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结

　构。

　例：错句：Studying hard,your score will go up.

　正确：(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up.

　解析：错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语，则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，既your score . 显然做study的应是人，不应是your score(分数). 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了).

　分词独立结构常省略being,hing been.不过?There being...?的场合不能省略.

　如：

　Game (being) over,he went home.

　He stands there,book (being) in hand.

　独立结构还可用with、without引导，作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。

　如：

　With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon.无事可做，他很快就睡着了。

　The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose.老师进来了，戴着一付眼镜。(注意，此句on his nose不可省略!)

初中英语基本句型

英语句子成分分七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。详情如下：

1、主语：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。回答是“谁”或者“什么”。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当，位于句首。

如：The boy needs a pen.

Smoking is bad for you = To smoke is bad for you

2、谓语：说明主语的动作或状态。回答“做(什么)”。由动词或系动词加表语担任，常置于主语后。

如：The train lees at 6 o’clock.

She is reading.

3、宾语：表示动作的对象。回答做的是“什么”。一般由名词或代词担当，常置于谓语后。

如：He won the game.

He likes playing computer.

注意：

（1）有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物（直接宾语）,一个指人（间接宾语）。

间接宾语一般放在直接宾语前面。

如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)

（2）有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。

如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

4、表语：用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。一般由名词或形容词担任，置于系动词或be动词之后。

如：He is a student. We are tired.

注意：除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，

（1）表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, ear, seem 等。

（2）表转变变化的动词: become, get, grow, turn, go等。

（3）表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。

5、定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。

如：The black bike is mine.（形容词）

The boy in blue is Jim.（介词短语）

I he nothing to do today.（动词不定式）

注意：

（1）当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything , everything , something等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如： I tell him something interesting.

（2）不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。

例如：The boys who are in the room are playing games.

6、状语：用以修饰动词、形容词、副词及全句，通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任位置灵活。

（1）修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；

如：I am very sorry.

（2）表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。

如：In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.

They are writing English in the classroom.

（3）一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。

如：We often help him.

He is always late for class.

7、补语：补充说明宾语怎么样或干什么,。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。

如：He made me sad.（形容词）

She asks me to take an umbrella.（不定式）

The war made him a soldier.（名词）

I find him at home.（介词短语）

I saw a cat running along the wall.（分词）

8、同位语：通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。

如：Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.

I myself will do the experiment.

She is the oldest among them six.

初中英语句子成分例句及详解

1简单句、并列句、复合句

根据语法形式，即句子的结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

1简单句

句型：主语+谓语

只包含一个主谓结构，而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。简单句有五种基本句型，详见第十七章。

They are playing baseball in the garden.

他们正在公园里打棒球。

Her brother and sister both are teachers.

她的哥哥和姐姐都是老师。

2并列句

句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句

(常见的并列连词有and，but，or)

并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。

My friend was at home， and we talked for along time.

我的朋友在家，我们谈了好长时间。

Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher.

她父亲是个医生，她母亲是个老师。

I liked the story very much but Li Ming wasn't interested in it.

我非常喜欢这个故事，可是李明却对它不感兴趣。

Hurry up，or you'll be late.

快点，否则你就会迟到的。

3 复合句

句型：主句+连词+从句;或连词+从句+主句(包含一个主句、一个或一个以上的从句，或只包含一个从句，但有两个或两个以上的主句的句子叫复合句。)

英语句型结构知识点“复合句”详解

1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east （名词） He likes dancing. （代词）

Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词）

To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主语从句）

It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）

(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词

① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

② There is an old man coming here.

③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。

We study English. He is asleep.

(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词

① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall

② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer

③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus

④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon

⑤ Did the twins he porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. he D. breakfast

3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）

Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词）

His father is in.（副词） The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)

My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）

The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）

（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）……

It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.

Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.

The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.

The door remains open. Now I feel tired.

(三) 挑出下列句中的表语

① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim?

③ The lees he turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.

⑤ She was the first to learn about it.

4. 宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：

I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）

How many do you need? We need two. （数词）I enjoy working with you. （动名词）

I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）

2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾

Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.

3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）

He ge me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.

(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语

① My brother hasn't done his homework.

② People all over the world speak English.

③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.

④ How many new words did you learn last class?

⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?

5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名词）

We will make them hy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 )

Please make yourself at home. （介词短语） Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）

His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）

Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I’ll he my bike repaired. （过去分词）

(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.

② He asked her to take the boy out of school.

③ She found it difficult to do the work.

④ They call me Lily sometimes.

⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.

⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?

6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）

We belong to the third world.（数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）

The man over there is my old friend.(副词)

The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)

The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）

The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）

I he an idea to do it well.（不定式） You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）

(六) 挑出下列句中的定语

① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.

② What is your given name?

③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.

④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.

⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.

7. 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）

I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.

The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.

He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.

If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.

Though he is young, he can do it well.

(七) 挑出下列句中的状语

① There was a big smile on her face.

② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.

③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.

④ The man on the motorbike was trelling too fast.

⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.

(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语

① Please tell us a story.

② My father bought a new bike for me last week.

③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.

④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.

⑤ Did he lee any message for me?

参 考 答 案

(一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do

(二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C

(三) ① tired ② worried ③ yellow ④ interested ⑤ first

(四) ① his homework ② English ③ your pronunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming

(五) ① to read newspapers and books in the reading-room ② to take the boy out of school

③ Lily ④ get on the bus ⑤ playing football on the playground

(六) ① family ② given ③ third ④ some ⑤ downstairs

(七) ① on the face ② Every night ③ when he was eleven ④ fast ⑤ off

(八) ① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 ② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语

③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 ④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语

⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语

初中英语语法（句子结构）？

　 复合句

　复合句(Complex Sentence)由一个主句(Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。

　主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在;从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。

　从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词(connective)引导。

　 宾语从句的语法意义及结构

　 语法意义： 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句通常由连词(that, whether, if)、连接代词(which, what, who, whose, whom)或连接副词(where, how, when, why)等引导。及物动词、介词或某些系表结构后可带宾语从句。

　 句型结构： 主语+谓语+引导词+主语+谓语(+其他成分)

　结果状语从句

　 连词有：so … that, such … that

　 (1) so...that"如此……以致"，that在非正式文体中可以省略，so后面接形容词或副词。如：

　She spoke __________ fast ___________ nobody could catch what she was saying.

　她说话如此之快竟没有人听出来她在讲什么。

　There is _________ little time left _________ I he to tell you about it later.

　现在剩下的时间不多了，我只好以后再给你讲这件事。

　 (2) such...that"如此……以致",

　具体内 容是：①such +形容词+名词+that从句。其中的'名词可以是可数名词的单数或复数，也可以是不可数名词。

　② such +a/an+形容词+单数名词+that从句,可换成so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句。如：

　The Japanese student made _________ rapid progress __________ he soon began to write article in Chinese.

　那个日本留学生进步很快，不久就开始用中文写文章了。

　The professor told us __________________________ all the students laughed.

　=___________________________________________________________________________.

　教授讲了个很有趣的故事，(以致于)所有的学生都笑了起来。

　She is _________ beautiful __________ everyone likes her.

　= ___________________________________________________________________________.

　 英语定语从句知识点：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

　 1.二者差异比较

　限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词这间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词.关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。

　 2.关系代词和关系副词的选择依据

　弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语.宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。

　 3. 先行词与定语从句隔离

　定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如：

　1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about.

　2) He was the only person in this country who was invited.

　 初中英语知识点总结：

　1. Why don’t you do sth.?

　2. make sb. Hy

　3. borrow sth. from sb.

　4. forget to do sth.

　5. pay fro sth.

　6. return sth. To sb.

　7. learn sth. from sb.

　8. be famous for sth.

　9. No matter what…

　10. be with sb.

　11. go on doing sth.

　12. speak highly of sb.

　13. keep doing sth.

　14. allow sb. To do sth.

　15. encourage sb. to do sth.

　16. It is said that…

初中英语七种基本句型

初中英语一般就学简单句，到了初三才会有个宾语从句。

简单句型有五类：(状语和定语位置是不固定的，要看修饰的词的位置在哪里）

1.主语+谓语（谓语动词为不及物动词）

如：Your phone rang just now.

2.主语+谓语+宾语

如：I like you.

3.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补

如：I saw some boys playing football on the ground.

4.主语+谓语+双宾（直接宾语和间接宾语）

如：I ge him a book.(人是间接宾语）

5.主语+系动词+表语

如：This meat tastes good.

初中英语语法5大基本句型如下：

一： S V (主+谓)

二： S V P (主+系+表)

三： S V O (主+谓+宾)

四： S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)

五： S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)

　基本句型 一：S V (主+谓)

这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语，常见的不及物动词有： act, come, go, work, last, fall,

cry, disear, ear, smile, rise, ring，live, look, listen, laugh, hurry,

talk, sleep, retire, graduate, die, care, agree, ,jump, fail, wait, succeed,

stay, sit, lie, shine, hen, take place, rain, snow, ect. 如:

It is raining now. (S V)